Project Management 101
A project is an assignment or task taken up to achieve
a specific goal. The development and introduction of new services or of
a management information system are instances of a project. A project is
different from the continuous or day-to-day processes of a company. It
is confined within cost, time, and quality constraints. As a consequence
to it a special team of expertise is appointed to manage a project.
Project management as the name suggests is all about
nurturing or handling a project. This is done with the aid of requisite
knowledge about the project, skills and techniques to complete the
project within fixed tenure and resources. Project management involves
step-by-step procedure along with a prudent approach towards the
project.
At first the concerned organization prepares an outline of the project.
This includes knowing and writing down what the project is all about,
the cost involved in the project, the amount of resources needed. A
thought is also given to the tentatively earliest possible time within
which the project can be completed. Once the budget and other
nitty-gritty's about the project are known the organization looks for
sponsors and a project manager. If the individual sponsoring the project
is skilled and efficient enough, he too can be its manager.
The project manager then appoints a team of people to work under him.
Together with the team the manager of the project prepares a project
plan. This plan is not just about the cost and time factors but also
regarding the manner in which the project is to be initiated and covered
up later. This requires lot of discussions and settlements between the
project manager and the team of employees.
The implementation stage of a project is where the project is put to
execution as decided. While executing a project its progress and
managing changes need to be carefully monitored. At this point in order
to harness the resources well the project manager might feel the need to
expand his team. For instance marketing of the product may be suffering
due to more heed being paid to its manufacturing or due to lack of good
marketing executives. This may also involve contacting new companies and
organizations. Thus a set of people needs to be readily appointed to
take charge of this. However then it is always at the onus of the
manager to equip the new members with a proper and complete knowledge of
the project. In some cases training may also be imparted.
After all these stages are over, the project comes at its stage of
completion. This is known as the close down stage. Here the project
manager safely handles the completed work in the hand of the client or
the customer. Once a project is finished and handed over, a project
review meeting should be held to study the work done, encourage if
something good was discovered during the project and also learn from the
mistakes made. These should also be documented and later published in
warts and all. This acts as a great help in future assignments
Software Development to Business Process Design
Have you heard the news? "60% of all software
development projects fail to meet their goals."
Of course you've heard this. Everyone has heard this
nugget of wisdom. It starts off presentations, it's used in consulting
pitches, software integrators put it in their marketing materials, and
IT departments promise it won't happen to them (or you). Here's the
problem: it's probably wrong. I believe that, in fact, closer to 80% of
enterprise software development projects fail to meet goals. The key is,
it is a specific type of software project that nearly always fails. The
type of development project that nearly always fails is the "old school"
waterfall-type project. The kind that starts out with requirements
crafted in excruciating detail, progresses to multiple layers of
sign-off, is developed in several phases, each with their own system,
unit, and user acceptance testing, and eventually finishes with a final
result that doesn't fit the needs of a business that has long since
moved on. Over the years I've seen software that was released that no
longer fits an evolved business model, software that missed huge, key
requirements, and software that was released just in time for an
acquisition that changed the entire business environment.
When 60% of all process redesign
projects fail, how can you improve your odds while simultaneously
accelerating results? By using "agile process design" techniques adapted
from the software development industry.
Whew. I'm frustrated just thinking about it. Luckily,
the software development industry (mostly) figured out that this was a
problem quite a while ago. Most successful projects today, especially
externally facing consumer projects, follow a very different trajectory
than the development projects of ten or even five years ago, emphasising
tighter contact with the customer, faster development cycles, and the
testing of smaller chunks of code.
So what does this have to do with business process
design?
Unfortunately, many business process redesign efforts
make those old-school enterprise software projects look like Olympic
champions by comparison. Unlike their software development counterparts,
most practitioners of "process redesign" have not been so eager to bring
their methods into the 21st century. In fact, while software design is
largely light-years beyond where it was in the early 1990s, process
design, for the most part, has changed very little. The practices
learned many years ago a largely still followed:
- Document the old process in mind-numbing detail
(about two weeks' worth of time)
- Identify the issues in the old process (a week
here)
- Design phases for a new process (another week)
- Design the details for the new process (easily four
weeks)
- Implement the whole thing as one giant project (I
don't even want to guess...)
- Hope it works (and that the design is still
relevant after so much time has passed)
And surprise, like the outmoded techniques for
software design, the process design projects conducted in this manner
also have an extremely high "failed to achieve results" rate, even worse
than for IT projects in my experience. I speak from experience, this is
exactly the way we used to perform process redesign work in the past.
Redesigning a process using this "technique" was tedious and
frustrating, both for us and for our clients. And, it was tough to
achieve the desired result.
But it doesn't have to be this way?
Process redesign projects don't have to be lumbering,
slow, painful exercises that rarely succeed in achieving their goals. By
learning the hard-won lessons of software developers, you can
dramatically increase your chances for success in your process redesign
project.
When software development moved past traditional
waterfall-style development, a new way of thinking emerged called "Agile
Development." Agile development stresses speed over perfection, rapid
development of small bits of functionality, and testing of all deployed
code. How can this be used for business process improvement? Here are
three of the main "agile" concepts and how you can use them to improve
processes more rapidly and with a much higher success rate
Selecting the Right Project
Management Software
Project
management software is great when it adds efficiencies but it can
quickly become an albatross when it doesn’t.
“Sometimes it’s
easier to just write a Post-It note and be a bit more responsible than
it is to have an over-arching project management tool that starts eating
up more time than it’s saving,” said David Metcalfe, project manager at
Xnet, the largest independently owned Internet service provider in
Chicago.
The difficulty Xnet
faced was finding a project management tool that balanced their needs
without being too robust or too expensive. As a boutique data center,
Xnet projects are complicated but, like most companies these days, there
are only a few people assigned to any given task. For Xnet, the perfect
project management (PM) software has to accurately track all project
complexities while remaining simple and fast to use.
Knowing precisely
what you want PM software to actually do is the key to ending up with
something truly workable. However, that’s easier said than done.
“Selecting any
software requires the typical project lifecycle components, including
stakeholder involvement, planning, execution, controlling scope, and
decision making, so be prepared to treat your PM Software selection
process as a project itself,” advises Adam Nelson, director of IT
Consulting at Keane Inc., a $1 billion IT services firm.
The first steps to
cutting the selection process down to size is to get agreement from your
company’s powers-that-be on specific tasks you need the PM software to
accomplish, and get their early commitment to PM in the process. From
there, proceed with brutal practicality. Pare the options down to a list
of must-have functionalities.
“One of the things I
noticed was that while many of them had unique features or some kind of
unique trick, what I really wanted was something basic that worked
without having to learn a new way of thinking,” said Metcalfe. “Anything
that purported to be revolutionary or a new way of streamlining project
management, I immediately discarded.”
Round 1
Nothing is quite as
useful as feedback from actual users so it’s smart to ask your peers
what worked best for them. Justin Honaman, director of Customer
Intelligence at Coca-Cola Customer Business Solutions said the following
is his initial criteria in selecting which PM software vendors make the
first cut:
The Basics:
PM software should absolutely include the ability to manage activities,
tasks, resources, time lines and calendar/dates. These are basic and
foundational to any solid PM software solution. In addition to the core
basics, PM solutions should also offer document management capability, a
view into critical path activities and milestones and finally, enable
the project manager to manage a budget/baseline.
Collaboration: When working as part of a team led by a project
or program manager, the ability to share information, link multiple
projects and track/manage issues is important to effectively keeping a
project on-track and status updates to stakeholders accurate.
Resource
Management: While resource planning and ongoing management is
often a soft skill frequently found in the best project managers, the PM
software should enable this process by allowing the manager to allocate
individuals and/or teams to a specific activity or task. In addition, PM
software should have the ability to enable entry of costs (e.g., hourly
rates), specific skill sets and contact information.
Support:
A final key area that is often overlooked is technical and business
support. How accurate are the help files? Is there a technical support
phone line to call for help (and is there a cost for this service)? What
are the resources engaged with ongoing update and development of the
solution?
Metcalfe adds
caveats to Honaman’s list: make sure the user interface is “dead simple"
or it’s difficult to get everyone on board with it and triple check
security issues.
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